摘  要
低温储藏是保证食物长期储藏品质的重要方法，已经成为食物储藏技术的一个发展方向。但是低温储藏需要消耗大量的能源，对于附加值很低的食物储藏企业来说是难以接受的。另外，随着人类社会的日益发展，人类对能源需求的急剧增加，世界能源危机日渐突出，太阳能作为一种主要的清洁能源已经受到世界各国的普遍重视。本文设计了一种基于太阳能的冰箱控制系统，以满足食物储藏企业投入成本低、运行成本低的要求。
本设计以太阳能光伏电池板提供能量来源，以低成本半导体制冷片TEC1-12706作为制冷单元，系统通过开关制冷片个数来达到控制制冷量的目的。系统以STC12C5A08S2单片机为核心，采用温度传感器DS18B20来检测冰箱的温度，单片机读取温度值后与设定值比较，并采用PID 算法，控制多个电子制冷片的通断，进而控制冰箱的温度。外围电路主要有数码管显示电路，电子制冷片的驱动与开关控制电路等。系统具有体积小、重量轻，价格低等优点。
关键词： 太阳能；单片机；半导体制冷；STC12C5A08S2；DS18B20
Abstract
Low-temperature storage is an important method to ensure the quality of long-term food storage, and has become a development direction of food storage technology.But cryogenic storage requires a lot of energy, which is unacceptable for food storage companies with low added value.In addition, with the increasing development of human society and the rapid increase of human demand for energy, the world energy crisis is becoming increasingly prominent, and solar energy as a major clean energy source has been widely valued by countries around the world.In this paper, a solar-based refrigerator control system is designed to meet the low input cost and low operating cost of food storage enterprises.
This design provides an energy source with solar photovoltaic panels, with a low-cost semiconductor refrigeration sheet TEC1-12706 as a refrigeration unit, and the system achieves the purpose of controlling the refrigeration quantity by switching the number of refrigeration sheets.The system takes the STC12C5A08S2 microchip as the core and uses the temperature sensor DS18B20 to detect the temperature of the refrigerator. After reading the temperature value, the microchip compares with the setting value, and uses the PID algorithm to control the disconnection of multiple electronic refrigeration sheets, and then control the temperature of the refrigerator.The peripheral circuit mainly has a digital tube display circuit, an electronic refrigeration sheet drive and switch control circuit, etc.The system has the advantages of small volume, light weight and low price.
Key words: solar energy; single-chip machine; semiconductor refrigeration; STC12C5A08S2;DS18B20
目  录
摘  要 I
Abstract II
1 绪论 1
1.1课题设计背景和目的 1
1.2.1国外的发展概况 2
1.2.2 国内的发展概况 2
1.2.3 太阳能冰箱控制系统的研究 2
1.3太阳能冰箱控制系统的方式及意义 3
1.4设计的框图及内容 4
2 硬件设计中主要器件选型 5
2.1单片机 5
2.2 电子制冷片 6
2.2.1 电子制冷片简介 6
2.2.2 制冷片的选择 7
2.2.3 制冷片的散热 8
2.3 太阳能光伏电池 8
2.4 温度传感器 9
3 系统硬件设计 11
3.1系统总体硬件设计方案 11
3.2 驱动电路设计 13
3.3 温度检测 13
3.4 系统供电电源设计 14
3.5 温度显示 15
3.6 复位电路 16
4 系统软件设计 18
4.1 温度控制PID算法 18
4.2 温度采集显示程序 20
4.3 系统主程序 21
5 程序代码 23
结  论 29
致  谢 30
参考文献 31