HSTU3240重型汽车驱动桥设计
摘    要
    本次设计的题目是重型货车驱动桥设计。驱动桥一般由主减速器、差速器、半轴及桥壳四部分组成，其基本功用是增大由传动轴或直接由变速器传来的转矩，将转矩分配给左、右车轮，并使左、右两侧的驱动车轮具有重型汽车行驶运动学所必须要求达到的差速功能；此外，驱动桥还要承受车辆所有重量作用于路面和车架或车厢之间的Z向的铅垂力、X向的纵向力和Y向的横向力。
本文首先论述了驱动桥的总体结构，在分析驱动桥各部分结构型式、发展过程，及其以往形式的优缺点的基础上，确定了重型载货汽车的总体设计方案：首先使采用整体式的驱动桥，然后在主减速器的减速型式我们采用能够传递更大扭矩的双级减速器，我们选择的主减速器齿轮采用螺旋双曲面齿轮，差速器采用普通对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器，后驱动桥半轴型式采用全浮式，桥壳采用铸造整体式桥壳。在本次设计中， 主要完成了双级减速器、圆锥行星齿轮差速器、全浮式半轴、桥壳的设计工作。
关键词：驱动桥；主减速器；全浮式半轴；桥壳；差速器
HSTU3240 Heavy Duty Vehicle Drive Bridge Design
Abstract
The title of this design is the design of heavy truck drive axle. The drive axle is generally composed of main reducer, differential, axle shaft and axle housing. Its basic function is to increase the torque transmitted by the transmission shaft or directly from the transmission, distribute the torque to the left and right wheels, and make the drive wheels on the left and right sides have the differential function required by the driving kinematics of heavy vehicles; In addition, the drive axle also bears the vertical force in the Z direction, the longitudinal force in the X direction and the transverse force in the Y direction between the road surface and the frame or carriage under all the weight of the vehicle.
Firstly, this paper discusses the overall structure of the drive axle. Based on the analysis of the structural type and development process of each part of the drive axle, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the previous form, this paper determines the overall design scheme of the heavy-duty truck: first, we adopt the integral drive axle, and then in the deceleration type of the main reducer, we adopt the two-stage reducer which can transmit greater torque, The main reducer gear we selected adopts spiral hyperboloid gear, the differential adopts ordinary symmetrical conical planetary gear differential, the half shaft of rear drive axle adopts full floating type, and the axle housing adopts cast integral axle housing. In this design, the design work of two-stage reducer, bevel planetary gear differential, full floating half shaft and axle housing is mainly completed.
Key words: drive axle; main reducer; Fully floating axle shaft; Axle housing; differential mechanism
目     录
1 绪论 1
1.1 课题研究的目的和意义 1
1.2 课题研究现状 1
1.2.1主减速器型式及其现状 1
1.2.2差速器型式发展现状 2
1.2.3半轴型式发展现状 2
1.2.4桥壳型式发展现状 3
1.3 设计主要内容 3
2 设计方案的确定 4
2.1 基本参数的选择 4
2.2 主减速比的计算 4
2.3 主减速器结构方案的确定 4
2.4 差速器的选择 4
2.5 半轴型式的确定 5
2.6 桥壳型式的确定 5
3 主减速器的基本参数选择与设计计算 6
3.1 主减速齿轮计算载荷的计算 6
3.2 主减速器齿轮参数的选择 7
3.3 主减速器螺旋锥齿轮的几何尺寸计算与强度计算 8
3.3.1 主减速器螺旋锥齿轮的几何尺寸计算 8
3.3.2 主减速器螺旋锥齿轮的强度计算 9
3.4 主减速器齿轮的材料及热处理 12
3.5 第二级斜齿圆柱齿轮基本参数的选择 13
3.6 第二级斜齿圆柱齿轮校核 14
3.7 主减速器轴承的计算 16
3.8 主减速器的润滑 19
4 差速器设计 20
4.1 差速器的作用 20
4.2 对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器 20
4.2.1 差速器齿轮的基本参数选择 21
4.2.2 差速器齿轮的几何尺寸计算与强度计算 23
5 半轴设计 26
5.1 半轴的设计与计算 26
5.1.1 全浮式半轴的设计计算 26
5.1.2 半轴的结构设计及材料与热处理 28
6 驱动桥桥壳设计 29
6.1 桥壳的受力分析及强度计算 29
6.1.1 桥壳的静弯曲应力计算 29
6.1.2 在不平路面冲击载荷作用下桥壳的强度计算 29
6.1.3 汽车以最大牵引力行驶时的桥壳的强度计算 30
6.1.4 汽车紧急制动时的桥壳强度计算 31
6.1.5 汽车受最大侧向力时桥壳的强度计算 33
结    论 36
参考文献 37
致    谢 38