摘要
现代印刷术依靠印刷设备、新型印刷材料以及绿色印刷环保理念取得了巨大的进步。尤其是计算机技术、数字技术和网络技术广泛，使印刷行业实现了跨越式的发展。我国印刷业有着良好的发展前景和经济增值空间，随着印刷行业的不断扩大其污染问题也日益严重。印刷污染物对人类和环境存在着极其严重的危害，所以污染问题成为了印刷行业可持续发展的最大障碍。
防止污染的环境保护原则是要正确使用各种化学药品，既要在源头上减少废弃物，同时也要促进减少生产过程中各种化学药品对环境的影响。在印刷企业中，原稿、胶片、印版、油墨、润版液、上光液和印机洗涤液等构成了印刷工艺过程的组成部分，是印刷的重要因素。它们有的组成了印刷成品的一部分，有的作用完成后变成固体的、液体的、气体的废弃物留在了印刷车间或进入环境。首先要寻找使用安全的产品来减少或避免环境污染的途径，同时也要找到目前不得不使用的化学药品的合理使用方法，来控制其用量以减少对环境的污染。
本文从对比国内外印刷业污染状况入手，以对于我国印刷业污染的定位做出清晰的认知。介绍印刷企业生产过程中的污染源及其危害，并随机选取了30家北京市印刷企业，分析和综合对比企业的污染状况，然后介绍企业在主要污染环节的治理方法和技术，结合现有知识提出相应改进意见和新的治理方法，并对其可行性做出评估。
关键词：印刷污染；污染源；治理方法
Abstract
Modern printing has made great progress by relying on printing equipment, new printing materials and the concept of green printing and environmental protection. In particular, the wide range of computer technology, digital technology and network technology enables the printing industry to achieve leapfrog development. China's printing industry has a good development prospect and economic value-added space, with the printing industry expanding its pollution problem is increasingly serious. Printing pollutants are extremely harmful to human beings and the environment, so pollution has become the biggest obstacle to the sustainable development of the printing industry.
The principle of environmental protection against pollution is the correct use of various chemicals, both to reduce waste at the source and to promote the reduction of the environmental impact of various chemicals in the production process. In printing enterprises, manuscript, film, printing plate, ink, fountain solution, polishing solution and washing solution constitute the components of the printing process, and are important factors of printing. Some of them form part of the printed product, while others remain in the printing shop or enter the environment as solid, liquid or gaseous wastes after completion of their function. First of all, it is necessary to find a way to use safe products to reduce or avoid environmental pollution. At the same time, it is also necessary to find a reasonable use method of chemical drugs that have to be used at present to control their dosage so as to reduce environmental pollution.
This paper starts with the comparison of domestic and foreign printing industry pollution status, in order to make a clear understanding of the positioning of China's printing industry pollution. Introduced the pollution and its harm in the process of producing printing enterprise, and randomly selected 30 Beijing printing enterprise, analysis and comprehensive comparison the pollution condition of the enterprise, then introduce the management of enterprise in the main pollution methods and techniques, combined with the existing knowledge put forward the corresponding improvements and new management methods, and to evaluate its feasibility.
Keywords：Printing pollution; Pollution sources; Governance approach
