年产5万吨醋酸的生产工艺初步设计

摘要

醋酸是一种有机化合物，又称乙酸，别名醋酸、冰醋酸，常简写为HAc，是典型的脂肪酸，被公认为食醋内酸味及刺激性气味的来源。纯的无水乙酸是无色的吸湿性液体，凝固点为16.7摄氏度，凝固后为无色晶体。乙酸是弱酸，但具有腐蚀性，其蒸气对眼和鼻有刺激性作用。乙酸用途广泛，既是一种重要的化学试剂，又能被用来制造电影胶片所需要的醋酸纤维素和木材用胶粘剂中的聚乙酸乙烯酯，以及很多合成纤维和织物；在家庭中，乙酸稀溶液常被用作除垢剂；在食品工业方面，乙酸是规定的一种酸度调节剂；乙酸不仅是一种用途广泛的基本有机产品，是化工、医药、纺织、轻工等行业不可缺少的重要原料，同时醋酸还是工农生产的重要原料和助剂。本设计拟采用以甲醛为原料生产醋酸的生产工艺初步设计。该工艺原料来源广泛，污染较小，工艺简单，投资费用省，产品质量高。本设计介绍了醋酸的性质、用途、工业现状以及各种醋酸生产方法，对甲醛氧化法工艺流程做了阐述。设计重点对氧化、精馏工段进行了详细的物料衡算和热量衡算，同时对主要设备进行了计算和选型，绘制了工艺流程图和主要设备装配图。

关键词：醋酸；工艺设计；物料衡算；热量衡算

Abstract

Acetic acid is an organic compound, also known as acid, alias acetic acid, acetic acid, often abbreviated as HAc, is typical of the fatty acid, is recognized as the source of vinegar in the sour and pungent odor. Pure anhydrous acetic acid is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with a freezing point of 16.7 degrees Celsius, solidified as colorless crystals. Acetic acid is a weak acid, but corrosive, and its vapor ocular and nasal irritation effect. Extensive use of acetic acid, is a kind of important chemical reagent, can be used to make the desired footage cellulose acetate and wood adhesives in the polyvinyl acetate, as well as many synthetic fibers and fabrics; in the family, dilute acetic acid solution is often used in detergents; in the food industry, acetic acid is an acidity regulator provisions; acetic acid is not only a versatile basic organic products, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, light industry and other industries indispensable an important raw material, while the production of acetic acid is an important raw material of workers and peasants and additives. The design intends to use formaldehyde as raw materials to produce the preliminary design of acetic acid production process. The process is wide source of raw materials, less pollution, simple process, save investment costs, high product quality. This design describes the nature of acetic acid, use, Status, acetic acid and a variety of production methods, done for formaldehyde oxidation process described. Design focuses on oxidation, distillation section for a detailed material balance and heat balance, while the main equipment for the calculation and selection, draw a flow chart and major equipment assembly drawings.

Keywords: Acetic acid; process design; material balance; heat balance