基于西门子 S7-1200 PLC 的风力发电机变桨控制系统设计与仿真

摘 要

本毕业设计旨在解决风力发电系统中因风能风向和风速不稳定导致发电机转速不稳定的问题，设计并实现了一套基于西门子 S7-1200 PLC 的风力发电机变桨控制系统。该系统通过速度传感器实时反馈桨叶转速值，并与设定范围值进行比较，利用 PLC 控制伺服电动机来调节桨叶角度，从而实现桨叶速度稳定在 50 - 53r/min 之间。在设计过程中，完成了 PLC 的选型与接线设计、系统梯形图和功能流程设计、I/O 分配设计等硬件相关内容，同时采用博图编程软件进行软件编程，并通过上位机组态王软件进行仿真运行。经过系统调试，验证了该系统的可行性和可靠性，达到了稳定可靠的发电旋转速度控制要求。

关键词：风力发电机；变桨控制；西门子 S7-1200 PLC；博图编程；组态王仿真

Abstract

This graduation project aims to address the issue of unstable generator speed in wind power generation systems caused by the instability of wind direction and speed. A pitch control system for wind turbines based on Siemens S7-1200 PLC is designed and implemented. The system uses a speed sensor to provide real-time feedback of the blade rotation speed, compares it with the set range, and utilizes the PLC to control the servo motor to adjust the blade angle, thereby maintaining the blade speed within the range of 50 - 53r/min. During the design process, hardware-related tasks such as PLC selection and wiring design, ladder diagram and functional flow design of the system, and I/O allocation design are completed. Software programming is carried out using TIA Portal software, and simulation operation is performed using the Kingview software for the upper computer. After system debugging, the feasibility and reliability of the system are verified, meeting the requirements for stable and reliable control of the generator rotation speed.

Key words: Wind Turbine; Pitch Control; Siemens S7-1200 PLC; TIA Portal Programming; Kingview Simulation