摘    要

随着物联网技术的快速发展，传统门铃系统已无法满足现代家庭对安防和智能交互的需求。本文设计并实现了一种基于ESP32微控制器的智能门铃系统，通过集成无线通信、多媒体交互与云端服务技术，构建具有实时监控、远程交互和智能告警功能的家居安防解决方案。

系统硬件设计采用ESP32-S3模组为核心控制器，结合OV2640摄像头模块及MAX98357音频模块构建多模态感知终端；软件层面基于FreeRTOS实现多任务调度，通过Wi-Fi模块接入家庭网络，利用MQTT协议与阿里云IoT平台建立数据传输通道。系统实现了来访者身份识别、移动侦测触发、实时视频对讲、云端数据存储及微信小程序远程交互等功能，并采用AES加密算法保障通信安全。

关键词：智能门铃；单片机；身份识别；远程交互；

ABSTRACT

With the rapid development of Internet of Things technology, the traditional doorbell system has been unable to meet the needs of modern families for security and intelligent interaction. This paper designs and implements an intelligent doorbell system based on ESP32 microcontroller. By integrating wireless communication, multimedia interaction and cloud service technology, a home security solution with real-time monitoring, remote interaction and intelligent alarm functions is built.

The system hardware design uses ESP32-S3 module as the core controller, and combines OV2640 camera module and MAX98357 audio module to build a multi-mode sensing terminal. At the software level, it realizes multi-task scheduling based on FreeRTOS, accesses home network through Wi-Fi module, and establishes data transmission channel with Alibaba Cloud IoT platform through MQTT protocol. The system realizes the functions of visitor identification, mobile detection and trigger, real-time video intercom, cloud data storage and wechat small program remote interaction, and uses AES encryption algorithm to ensure communication security.

Key words: intelligent doorbell; Single-chip computer; Identification; Remote interaction;