摘要
本次汽车减速器的设计，主要目的是检验大学四年的学习成果以及为将来的工作打下坚实的基础。文中阐述了减速器的功用与设计要求，对该减速器进行了了大量的调查研究，并进行了初步的方案论证，根据设计要求决定选用了三轴式四档减速器，中间轴采用固定式，倒档的换档方式采用倒档轴上滑动齿轮换档，其他档位采用同步器换档，根据汽车的要求，操纵机构选用远距离操纵。说明并论证了减速器主要参数的确定，齿轮几何参数的计算、列表、齿轮材料的选择、齿轮的强度计算、强度校核，轴的设计及强度刚度校核，轴的材料选择，轴承的选择，花键的选择和校核。并简单介绍了减速器的拆装顺序，以及对本次设计做出总结。整个毕业设计历时两个多月，在老师的悉心指导和同学的热心帮助下得以顺利完成。最后感谢在毕业设计期间给予我帮助的老师和同学。
关键词：汽车，减速器，设计，三轴式，倒档轴
ABSTRACT
The design of this light truck transmission, the main purpose is to test the results of four years of study in the university and lay a solid foundation for the future work.This design explained the function of the transmission and design requirements, had the transmission a large number of surveys and studies, and conducted a preliminary studies program. According to the design requirement to choose a three-axis 4th speed transmission and the fixed middle shaft, the reverse stall used to shift the gear on the reverse gear shaft, the other stalls used Synchronizer shift, according to the design requirements of the light truck,the manipulation agencies use remote control. Noted and demonstrated that the transmission parameters, the calculations and the list of gear geometry parameters,the gear material selection,gear strength and strength check, the design of the shaft and stiffness and strength check,shaft material selection, bearing selection,spline options and check.And briefly introduce the transmission disassembly sequence, as well as a summary of this design.The whole graduation design lasts three months, and it is completed under the teacher's leading and the help of the classmate smoothly. Finally thanks to the teachers and classmates who give me much help during the graduation design.
This design, includes 4.5 No.0 diagram papers by computer and manual drawing, translating a foreign information, preparing five MATLAB Programming Language, and edit a manual.
Keyword: light truck, transmission, design, three-axis, the reverse gear shaft
目录
前 言 3
第一章 变速器的功用和要求 5
变速器的功用： 5
（3）利用空挡，中断动力传递，以使发动机能够起动、怠速，并便于变速器换档或进行动力输出。 5
因此变速器通常还设有倒档，在不改变发动机旋转方向的情况下汽车能倒退行驶；设有空挡，在滑行或停车时发动机和传动系能保持分离。变速器还应能进行动力输出。 5
（8）需要时应设置动力输出装置。 5
第二章 变速器的方案论证 6
第一节 变速器类型选择及传动方案设计 6
一、结构工艺性 6
二、变速器的径向尺寸 6
三、变速器齿轮的寿命 6
四、变速器的传动效率 6
第二节 变速器传动机构的分析 7
一、换档结构形式的选择 7
二、倒档的形式及布置方案 7
图2.1 8
第三节 变速器操纵机构方案分析 9
一、变速器操纵机构的功用 9
二、设计变速器操纵机构时，应该满足的基本要求 9
三、换档位置 9
第四章 变速器总成的拆装顺序 44
一、变速器的装配顺序 44
二、变速器的拆卸 44
三、变速器总成装配应注意的问题 45
致 谢 46
附录 程序和结果 48
